Cities, buildings, and critical infrastructure are becoming increasingly connected, automated, and software-driven. Digital technologies now govern physical processes that directly affect safety, continuity, and public trust.
As a consequence, cyber incidents no longer remain confined to IT environments. When digital components fail or are compromised, the impact propagates into physical disruption, operational breakdowns, and, increasingly, societal consequences.
Yet the way resilience is addressed has not kept pace with this reality. Cybersecurity is still treated primarily as a technical discipline, while urban development remains project-centric and operational responsibility is separated from early design and integration decisions.
What emerges is a fundamental mismatch. Responsibility for cyber-physical resilience is fragmented across disciplines and lifecycle phases, while accountability remains systemic and unavoidable.
This structural blind spot is what 21.city exists to address.